Cancers that start in the bone are rare.  They are distinct from cancers that develop at other sites in the body and spread to the bones later on. Bone cancer develops from cells in the bone. A rarer type can start in cartilage, the firm connective tissue that surrounds and cushions many joints. If the cancer is not treated, cancer cells from the original site may break away and spread to other parts of the body, such as the lungs, other bones or other internal organs.

Signs and symptoms

Symptoms of bone cancer will vary depending on the size and the location of the cancer. They may include:

• pain and/or tenderness in the affected area (this may feel worse at night)

• swelling in the area, possibly a lump or mass

• problems with movement

• general symptoms such as tiredness, fever and weight loss.

Often, these signs and symptoms will indicate problems other than cancer. However, people who notice any symptoms should see their doctor, who will be able to find the cause or refer them for further tests.

Initially the doctor will ask questions about previous medical problems, and carry out a physical examination. They may also arrange referral to a hospital for further tests.